BuildingsOne Energy & Utilities Series comprises a comprehensive set of documents and templates that incorporate energy and utilities concepts and applications, routinely encountered in the operation of commercial building systems. The documents and templates focus on commercial building systems’ most common utilities – electricity and water. The Energy & Utilities Series documents and templates incorporate the technical and financial aspects of commercial real estate energy and utilities and the building systems and equipment that consume these energy sources in their operation. Specific building operating systems, reviewed in the documents and templates, include base building and supplementary HVAC systems, lighting systems, electrical motors and variable frequency drives. The Energy & Utilities Series documents and templates encompass topics such as energy source consumption, energy conservation, energy & utilities measurement and cost analysis, utilities procurement concepts, utilities metering and sub-metering applications, utilities rates and billing analysis and building operating systems’ utilities consumption and cost allocations.
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Degree Days – Concepts & Applications
{PDF Document}
Degree Days – Concepts & Applications
{PDF Document}
An 8 page document outlining the degree days concept with specific applications in the commercial real estate sector. Heating and cooling degree days are defined including the determination and use of base temperature. An overview of industry-leading website: www.degreedays.net is provided. A case study records cooling degree days for a defined period. A variation in historical degree days average is factored in normalizing the building’s energy consumption data.
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Electric Metering & Sub-Metering Concepts and Applications
{PDF Document}
Electric Metering & Sub-Metering Concepts and Applications
{PDF Document}
10 page document covering metering & sub-metering applications including “Time of Use” metering, meter terminology, meter installation and effective meter reading and billing program applications.
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Electricity KWH & Cost Savings Calculation – Lighting Project
{PDF Document}
Electricity KWH & Cost Savings Calculation – Lighting Project
{PDF Document}
2 page pre-formatted, formula-linked excel template illustrating the energy and cost savings calculations associated with a Motor Upgrade or Variable Frequency Drive project. Includes workbook Instructions
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Electricity KWH & Cost Savings Calculation – Motor | VFD Project
{PDF Document}
Electricity KWH & Cost Savings Calculation – Motor | VFD Project
{PDF Document}
2 page pre-formatted, formula-linked excel template illustrating the energy and cost savings calculations associated with a Motor Upgrade or Variable Frequency Drive project. Includes workbook Instructions
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Electricity Purchasing Terminology, Concepts and Applications
{PDF Document}
Electricity Purchasing Terminology, Concepts and Applications
{PDF Document}
14 page document covering the concepts of electricity utility transmission and distribution, electricity commodity pricing and purchasing. Includes recommended steps and procedures, for energy consultant selection and the electricity buying process, in a deregulated utilities market.
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HVAC & EMS Systems “Optimum Start”
{Excel Template}
HVAC & EMS Systems “Optimum Start”
{Excel Template}
1 page basic, industry best-practice optimum start sequence of operation template that can be incorporated into an optimum start program at larger (central HVAC plant) or smaller (roof top HVAC units) buildings.
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HVAC & EMS Systems “Optimum Start” – Concepts and Applications
{PDF Document}
HVAC & EMS Systems “Optimum Start” – Concepts and Applications
{PDF Document}
13 page document covering a broad range of technical aspects encompassing the energy efficient start up of building HVAC systems. Energy Management System (EMS) sequence of operation terminology, outside temperature and fresh air considerations, electricity rate structure, and time-of-use metering concepts are reviewed. The document incorporates procedures specific to both HVAC central plant and roof-top unit (RTU) applications. A sample optimum start sequence of operation is also provided.
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HVAC Energy & Operating Costs – Concepts, Applications & Calculations
{PDF Document}
HVAC Energy & Operating Costs – Concepts, Applications & Calculations
{PDF Document}
9 page document that reviews the many factors in determining the cost of HVAC operation, including Overtime (OT) HVAC. Illustrates the category method for grouping of HVAC system operation expenses:
1. Direct Costs (utilities & labor); 2. Annual Allocated Costs (maintenance and labor) and 3. Non-Cash Costs (depreciation). Lease language and accounting transaction methods are also reviewed.
HVAC Operation – Utilities Expense Calculations Workbook {Excel Template} -
HVAC Operations – Utilities Expense Calculations Workbook
HVAC Operations – Utilities Expense Calculations Workbook
2 tab, 6 page excel workbook template with practical examples of expense calculations associated with the operation of building HVAC systems, including Overtime (OT) HVAC cost methods. This workbook compliments the “HVAC Operation – Utilities Expense Concepts & Applications” PDF document.
HVAC Energy & Operating Expense (OT HVAC) Calculations Workbook { Excel Template }
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Tenant Electric Monthly Billing Workbook – Multiple Meters
{Excel Template}
Tenant Electric Monthly Billing Workbook – Multiple Meters
{Excel Template}
6 tab pre-formatted, formula-linked, comprehensive excel template, with instructions, including tenant sub-meter invoice tabs. This comprehensive workbook includes all of the necessary information required for an effective tenant electric sub-meter reading, calculation and billing program. This workbook incorporates the next 4 documents (also available as stand-alone documents | templates).
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Tenant Sub-Meter Electric Monthly Calculation Worksheet – Single Meter
{Excel Template}
Tenant Sub-Meter Electric Monthly Calculation Worksheet – Single Meter
{Excel Template}
Single page template for calculating the costs associated with a tenant supplementary AC unit or other electricity-driven systems or equipment. Includes a billing component for electricity consumption and water consumption for HVAC units using base building cooling tower water for heat rejection.
This workbook is part of the 6 tab Tenant Electric Monthly Billing Workbook.
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Tenant Sub-Meter Electric – Monthly Readings Input Worksheet
{Excel Template}
Tenant Sub-Meter Electric – Monthly Readings Input Worksheet
{Excel Template}
1 page meter reading template including 12 tenant sub-meter systems. Includes a meter reading entry column for each of 12 monthly periods. Includes pre-formatted formulas and categories – $ per KWH, meter multiplier, meter reading columns – in order to auto-calculate the monthly electricity charge.
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Tenant Sub-Meter Electric – Systems & Equipment Inventory Worksheet
{Excel Template}
Tenant Sub-Meter Electric – Systems & Equipment Inventory Worksheet
{Excel Template}
2 page template for the proper inventory & tracking of tenant supplemental AC units, and other tenant systems and equipment, to be sub-metered. Pre-formatted, to include applicable categories, to help ensure the effectiveness of the building’s sub-metering and billing program. Categories include system description and capacity (tons or BTU’s) and electric meter information. Includes workbook instructions.
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Tenant Supplementary AC Unit – Electricity Operating Cost Benchmark
{Excel Template}
Tenant Supplementary AC Unit – Electricity Operating Cost Benchmark
{Excel Template}
2 page document that provides recommended ’benchmark costs’, associated with supplementary HVAC systems | units, to compare against other consumption & charge methods (including sub-metering).
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Utility Data and Energy Tracker
{Excel Template}
Utility Data and Energy Tracker
{Excel Template}
An excel workbook arranged in 8 formula-linked tabs. 7 tabs include utility-energy consumption data input fields for the most common building energy-utility sources. The workbook format is consistent with Energy Star Portfolio Manager® in order to streamline the upload and reporting process. An Energy Consumption Summary Tab auto-calculates the building’s total energy consumption and converts each energy source to an energy standard kBTUs. kBTUs conversion rates are provided for each common energy source.
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Water Metering Concepts & Applications
{PDF Document}
Water Metering Concepts & Applications
{PDF Document}
10 page document covering commercial building water meter applications including cooling tower and landscape irrigation ‘sewer deduct meters’ and retail tenant sub-metering for restaurant and other building water consumption applications. The document also reviews types of water meters and provides insight into utility companies’ water & sewer consumption billing methods.